Water Resources

Fundamentals for integrated management of water
Among the global issues facing mankind beginning of the third millennium is water scarcity and water quality degradation. Also, achievement of sustainable development depend very much in the integrated management of resources water. Water is an essential factor for life and development of human society. Integrated management of water resources community advised governments to apply the following international principles: -- The principle of watershed - water resources are formed and household in river basins. Fresh water is a vulnerable and limited resource, essential for life, environment and social development. Rational management of resources water, requires a comprehensive approach that combines problems social and economic development with protection of ecosystems natural. A sustainable management of water resources will integrate users of water from a river basin;
-- The principle of quantity-quality management unit - the two sides of water management are closely related, appears necessary for a unified approach leading to optimal solutions for both technical and economic aspects;
-- The principle of solidarity - planning and development water resources requires collaboration of all stakeholders involved in the water sector: the state, local communities, users, household water and NGOs;
-- The principle of "polluter pays" principle - all costs by pollution of various water and environmental USERS, is supported by those who caused pollution;
-- Economic principle - the beneficiary pays - the water is economic value in all its forms and usage must to be recognized as an economic good. Past failures to recognize the economic value of water, led to pollution and irrational exploitation of water resources. Water management as an economic good, is a way important in achieving efficient and equitable and conservation and protection of water resources;
--The principle of access to water - under the principle is vital to recognize that the fundamental right of being human is to have access to clean water and sufficient to a suitable price.
The principles underlying the concept of management integrated water resource that combines the use questions the water protection areas through integration ecositemelor a basin-wide water use.

The concept of integrated water management

Integrated water resources management promotes development and coordination of water, land and their resources, to optimize social development and balanced economic without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems. Development policies can not be effective without taking into consideration of water resources. The concept of integrated water resources management implies, in contrast to traditional resource management water, their integrated approach to both physically and technically and level planning and management. The level of integration is basin, forming a natural unit of water resources. The most important aspects of system development resources water are:
-- Physical aspects of sustainability - which means keeping natural flow of water and nutrients;
-- Environment sustainability - "zero tolerance" for pollution that exceeds the capacity of environmental self-purification. No long-term effects or irreversible effects on the environment;
-- Social sustainability - the maintenance and water requirements desire aresurselor insurance payment of water services;
-- Economic sustainability - economic support measures providing a high standard of living in terms of water for all citizens;
-- Institutional sustainability - the ability to maintain plan, manage and operate the water system.
Sustainable management of water resources is based on Integrated management ensures the delivery of their water resources system to meet the objectives of the present society without compromising the ability of the system to meet objectives of future generations, while maintaining a clean environment.
Integrated water resources management involves:
1) Integration of natural water resources Natural water resources system that is represented by hydrological cycle and its components: precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and groundwater flow. Maintaining balance hydrological and relations between its components, is based on biophysical linkages between forests, land and water resources in a + basin, and is essential for sustainable use rnaturale reusurselor water system.
2) Integrating resource management infrastructure water in natural capital. Achieving the water infrastructure "Friendly" to the environment that would ensure the optimal supply Water uses and reduce the risk of flooding and enhancing biodiversity conservation and aquatic ecosystems.
3) Integration of water use public water supply, industry and agriculture and conservation of aquatic ecosystems are addressed in a sectoral traditional. Most uses of water resources require water increasing quantities of high quality and very good. Solving water-resource equation and requirements of water resource protection requires analysis at the catchment scale uses. Water resources management requires the involvement of all stakeholders - public and private - at all levels and portivit time. Management decisions and actions integrated water resources must be taken by all those who may be affected most appropriate at the appropriate level (Principle subsidiarity).
4) Inclusion of the upstream - downstream Upstream land use rights must recognize downstream uses of water resources on the use of good quality and sufficient quantity. Excessive pollution resources the downstream water uses. This requires dialogue to reconcile the needs of upstream and downstream uses.
5) Integrate water resources planning policies Water is one of the basic elements of life and while one factor that makes social and economic, often a limiting factor. Society and economy can develop only so far as it will develop and water management, this conditioning scoring role and importance of the work in the context of sustainable development. Integrated management of water resources is based on accordance with the provisions of the EU Framework Directive 2000/60 European River Basin Management Plan. Based on knowledge status of water bodies, the plan sets out objectives target for six years and put on the river basin measures to achieve good water status for use their sustainable. Please protect the environment and water resources for a ecological green future.

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